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1 | Anna filed for divorce Feb 5, 1906 for cruelty and non support, not contested and granted Sept 16, 1906. | Family: F5406
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2 | Bio of Robert George ELDER and Cora Helen GROAT Robert George ELDER, born Feb. 18, 1860, Clarion Co Penn - died Oct. 1935, Garfield [Whitman County] Wash. Cora Helen GROAT, born May 31, 1862 in Iowa - died Oct. 1935, Garfield, Wash. Cora Helen GROAT, daughter of Rev. E.G.O. and Delia GROAT was born in Iowa. As a child she was a pianist and a soprano soloist in her father's Baptist Church and lived in various towns in Iowa. Cora moved with her parents to the Territory of Washington in the 1890's. She obtained a teaching job in a newly built school in Garfield, Wash. The school was a two-room school and she taught the 4 lower grades. Robert George Elder, son of John and Nancy Elder was born in Clarion Co., Penn. His life was a struggle for at the age of 5 his father died. Robert started work in his Grandfather's sawmill at the age of six carrying bales of shingles on his head. As a child he was called Robbie and as an adult he went by Bob. He always made his own living and at one time worked on a farm for room and board and 50 cents a month. Through all of this he managed to educate himself and go onto put himself through Edinboro in [Erie County] Penn. He also helped his younger sister get an education. At the age of 19 he came out west to Washington Territory and taught school for one year. Realizing he needed more education he returned to Penn. In his late 20's he returned to the territory and settled in Garfield where he became Principal and taught the four upper grades in the two-room school. Five months after he met Cora Helen Groat, they were married in Garfield on Nov. 27, 1888. Robert and Cora Elder saved their money and bought 160 acres of wheat land from the railroad for $8 an acre. This land layed at the foot of Steptoe Butte, which is the highest, treeless butte in the U.S. The Butte is a National Monument named after Col. Steptoe who fought the Indians from this vantage point. About 1898 Robert rented the land out and moved into town again where Robert became owner-editor of the Garfield Enterprise, a weekly newspaper. Many of his editorials were picked up and reprinted in the Portland Oregonian, Seattle Times, and the Spokane Review. Robert Elder, who had great patience, a splendid sense of humor, was a very conservative Republican and a great lover of justice. These interests led him into county politics where he was on the Garfield School Board and some State Agricultural Offices and Vice-Pres of State Bank. Cora Elder died of cancer at the age of 72. A week later Robert at the age of 75 was killed in an auto accident when a semi-truck crashed into him while trying to avoid a boy on a bicycle. | Family: F1607
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3 | By Harleston R. Withers, M. G. P#116 | Family: F2576
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4 | Marriage 1773 Albany, NY, or either at sea while emigrating from Scotland, or New York Colony, British Colonial America. | Family: F7075
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5 | Married at Gracie's fathers place near Choctaw, OK | Family: F25
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6 | Married by W. K. Piner. | Family: F900
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7 | Married in the home of Cameron Stringer. | Family: F4599
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8 | Source : County Court Records Microfilm Number : 1026492 - 1026495 & 1026822 Harmon, Lee Spouse : Stringer, Elizabeth Marriage date : Apr 16, 1856 County : Jackson Gender : Male | Family: F2077
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9 | Source : County Court Records Microfilm Number : 1288645 - 1288649 Harmon, James N. Spouse : Bailey, Mrs. Mae Marriage date : Dec 20, 1896 County : Izard Gender : Male | Family: F127
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10 | Source : County Court Records Microfilm Number : 1288645 - 1288649 Harmon, R. A. Spouse : Spurlock, J. M. E. Marriage date : Dec 23, 1891 County : Izard Gender : Male | Family: F3053
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11 | Witnesses were E. R. Ferguson and Jane Blanding. | Family: F5399
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12 | Killed by brother Cain. | Able
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13 | Name changed to Abraham by God. | Abram
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14 | King of Franks | Antenor, IV
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15 | King of Sicambri | Antenor, III
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16 | «b»Antenor«/b» was King of Cimmerians and father of «b»Marcomir I«/b». Cimmerian Bosporus was an ancient kingdom on and around the Kerch Strait, which connects the Sea of Azov with the Black Sea. | Antenor
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17 | last King of Sicambri | Antharius
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18 | «b»Boadicea«/b», or, in Latin, Victoria, British queen who poisoned hereself in 62 A.D. after being defeated in battle by the Romans. | Boadicea
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19 | King of Sicambri | Cassander
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20 | He became King of the Franks in 768, and Emperor of the Romans in 800. He built a kingdom that included almost all of Western and Central Europe through military action against the Saxons, Lombards, and Moors, and through alliances with the Pope. «b»Charlemagne«/b» instituted administrative, educational, economic, legal, and cultural reforms in his empire. | Charlemagne
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21 | King of Sicambri | Clodimir I
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22 | King of Sicambri «b»Clodius I«/b» withstood invasions from the Romans and the Gauls, and was killed in battle in 159 B. C. | Clodius
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23 | King of Franks | Clodius II
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24 | King of Sicambri | Diocles
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25 | Aka "The Black Prince". | Prince Of Wales Edward
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26 | Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276 Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn. | King Of England Edward, I (Longshanks)
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27 | Edward II (reigned 1307-27) had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. Edward surrounded himself with favourites (the best known being a Gascon, Piers Gaveston), and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled. Throughout his reign, different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were counteracted by Edward. Large debts (many inherited) and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce in 1314 made Edward more unpopular. Edward's victory in a civil war (1321-2) and such measures as the 1326 ordinance (a protectionist measure which set up compulsory markets or staples in 14 English, Welsh and Irish towns for the wool trade) did not lead to any compromise between the King and the nobles. Finally, in 1326, Edward's wife, Isabella of France, led an invasion against her husband. In 1327 Edward was made to renounce the throne in favour of his son Edward (the first time that an anointed king of England had been dethroned since Ethelred in 1013). Edward II was later murdered at Berkeley Castle. | King Of England Edward, III
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28 | Edward III (reigned 1327-77) was 14 when he was crowned King and assumed government in his own right in 1330. In 1337, Edward created the Duchy of Cornwall to provide the heir to the throne with an income independent of the sovereign or the state. An able soldier, and an inspiring leader, Edward founded the Order of the Garter in 1348. At the beginning of the Hundred Years War in 1337, actual campaigning started when the King invaded France in 1339 and laid claim to the throne of France. Following a sea victory at Sluys in 1340, Edward overran Brittany in 1342 and in 1346 he landed in Normandy defeating the French King, Philip IV, at the Battle of Crécy and his son Edward (the Black Prince) repeated his success at Poitiers (1356). By 1360 Edward controlled over a quarter of France. His successes consolidated the support of the nobles, lessened criticism of the taxes, and improved relations with Parliament. However, under the 1375 Treaty of Bruges the French King, Charles V, reversed most of the English conquests; Calais and a coastal strip near Bordeaux were Edward's only lasting gain. Failure abroad provoked criticism at home. The Black Death plague outbreaks of 1348-9, 1361-2 and 1369 inflicted severe social dislocation (the King lost a daughter to the plague) and caused deflation; severe laws were introduced to attempt to fix wages and prices. In 1376, the 'Good Parliament' (which saw the election of the first Speaker to represent the Commons) attacked the high taxes and criticised the King's advisers. The ageing King withdrew to Windsor for the rest of his reign, eventually dying at Sheen Palace, Surrey. | King Of England Edward, III
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29 | Edward IV (reigned 1461-70 and 1471-83) was able to restore order, despite the temporary return to the throne of Henry VI (reigned 1470-71, during which time Edward fled to the Continent in exile) supported by the Earl of Warwick, 'the Kingmaker', who had previously supported Edward and who was killed at the Battle of Barnet in 1471. Edward also made peace with France; by a shrewd display of force to exert pressure, Edward reached a profitable agreement with Louis XI at Picquigny in 1475. At home, Edward relied heavily on his own personal control in government, reviving the ancient custom of sitting in person 'on the bench' (i.e. in judgement) to enforce justice. He sacked Lancastrian office-holders and used his financial acumen to introduce tight management of royal revenues to reduce the Crown's debt. Building closer relations with the merchant community, he encouraged commercial treaties; he successfully traded in wool on his own account to restore his family's fortunes and enable the King to 'live of his own', paying the costs of the country's administration from the Crown Estates profits and freeing him from dependence on subsidies from Parliament. Edward rebuilt St George's Chapel at Windsor (possibly seeing it as a mausoleum for the Yorkists, as he was buried there) and a new great hall at Eltham Palace. Edward collected illuminated manuscripts - his is the only intact medieval royal collection to survive (in the British Library) - and patronised the new invention of printing. Edward died in 1483, leaving by his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville a 12-year-old son Edward to succeed him. | King Of England Edward, IV
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30 | Edward V (reigned April-June 1483) was a minor, and his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was made Protector. Richard had been loyal throughout to his brother Edward IV including the events of 1470-71, Edward's exile and their brother's rebellion (the Duke of Clarence, who was executed in 1478 by drowning, reputedly in a barrel of Malmsey wine). However, he was suspicious of the Woodville faction, possibly believing they were the cause of Clarence's death. In response to an attempt by Elizabeth Woodville to take power, Richard and Edward V entered London in May, with Edward's coronation fixed for 22 June. However, in mid-June Richard assumed the throne as Richard III (reigned 1483-85). Edward V and his younger brother Richard were declared illegitimate, taken to the Royal apartments at the Tower of London (then a Royal residence) and never seen again. (Skeletons, allegedly theirs, found there in 1674 were later buried in Westminster Abbey.) Before his usurpation, Richard had a strong power base in the north, and his reliance on northerners during his reign was to increase resentment in the south. Richard concluded a truce with Scotland to reduce his commitments in the north; he attempted genuine reconciliation by showing consideration to Lancastrians purged from office by Edward IV, and moved Henry VI's body to St George's Chapel at Windsor; the first laws written entirely in English were passed during his reign. In 1484, Richard's only legitimate son Edward predeceased him. Resentment against Richard grew. On 7 August 1485, Henry Tudor (a direct descendant through his mother Margaret Beaufort, of John of Gaunt, one of Edward III's younger sons) landed at Milford Haven in Wales to claim the throne. On 22 August in a two-hour battle at Bosworth, Henry's forces (assisted by Lord Stanley's private army of around 7,000 which was deliberately posted so that he could join the winning side) defeated Richard's larger army and Richard was killed. Buried without a monument in Leicester, Richard's bones were scattered during the English Reformation. | King Of England Edward V
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31 | Duke of Alsace. | Eticho, Of Alsace
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32 | King of West Franks | Francus
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33 | Also the Count of Anjou. | King Of Jerusalem Fulk V
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34 | Aka Gundicus. | King Of Burgundy Gundicaire, Of Burgundy
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35 | Aka Gunderic. | King Of Burgundy Gundioc, Of Burgundy
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36 | King of Sicambri | Helenus I
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37 | Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259) were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster. | King Of England Henry, III
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38 | Henry IV (reigned 1399-1413) spent much of the early part of his reign fighting to keep control of his lands. Exiled for life by Richard II in 1399, Henry's successful usurpation did not lead to general recognition of his claim (he remained unrecognised as King by Charles VI of France). An outbreak of the plague in 1400 was accompanied by a revolt in Wales led by Owen Glendower. In 1403, Henry's supporters, the Percys of Northumberland, turned against him and conspired with Glendower - the Percys and the Welsh were defeated by Henry at the Battle of Shrewsbury. This victory was followed by the execution of other rebels at York (including the Archbishop in 1405). By 1408 Henry had gained control of the country. Henry was dogged by illness from 1405 onwards; his son played a greater role in government (even opposing the King at times). In 1413, Henry died exhausted, in the Jerusalem Chamber at Westminster Abbey. | King Of England Henry IV, Of Bolingbrooke
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39 | Soon after his accession, Henry V (reigned 1413-22) laid claim to the French crown. Stern and ruthless, Henry was a brilliant general who had gained military experience in his teens, when he fought alongside his father at the battle of Shewsbury. In 1415, Henry set sail for France, capturing Harfleur. His offer to the French Dauphin of personal combat (Richard I and Edward III had made similar offers in their time) was, like those of his predecessors, refused; he went on to defeat the French at the Battle of Agincourt. In alliance with unreliable Burgundy, and assisted by his brothers (the Dukes of Clarence, Bedford and Gloucester), Henry gained control of Normandy in subsequent campaigns. By the Treaty of Troyes (1420), he gained recognition as heir to the French throne, and married Charles VI's daughter Katherine. Well educated, Henry had a particular interest in liturgical music; he gave pensions to well-known composers of his time, and a hymn of praise to God, which he ordered sung after Agincourt, still exists. However, Henry's success was short lived and he died of dysentery in 1422 in Bois de Vincennes, France. | King Of England Henry V
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40 | Born at Windsor Castle, Henry VI (reigned 1422-61 and 1470-71) succeeded to the thrones of England and France before the age of one, when his father Henry V and his grandfather Charles VI of France died within months of each other. Henry was crowned King of England in 1429 and, in 1431, King of France. His minority was dominated by his uncles Cardinal Beaufort and the Duke of Gloucester (who opposed each other). Another uncle, the Duke of Bedford, was Regent of France; his death in 1435, combined with Burgundy breaking the alliance with England, led to the collapse of English rule in northern France. The dual monarchy proved too difficult for the King and England to maintain; the successes of the Dauphin and Joan of Arc began to weaken England's grip on its French possessions and Normandy was lost in 1450. Henry's cultural patronage and genuine interest in education (he founded Eton and King's College, Cambridge) were outweighed by his patchy and partisan interest in administration. Failure in France and domestic unrest (for example, the Cade rebellion of 1450) encouraged factionalism. In 1453 the King became ill and Richard, Duke of York, was made Protector in 1454. The King recovered in 1455, but civil war between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions broke out (the Wars of the Roses). For the rest of his reign, Henry's queen, Margaret of Anjou, was determined to fight, rather than negotiate a compromise, for the Lancastrian cause of her husband and son. Pitted against Henry was the Duke of York, asserting his legitimate claim to the throne as he was descended by his mother from Edward III's second surviving son (Henry VI was descended from Edward's third surviving son). The Wars of the Roses were therefore a struggle to decide if the succession should keep to the male line or could pass through females. The Duke of York was killed at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. In 1461, his son Edward, an able commander, defeated the Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross, and London opened its gates to the Yorkist forces; Henry and his queen fled to Scotland. An unsuccessful military campaigner, Henry was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1465, but was restored to the throne in 1470. His brief period of freedom ended after the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471 (in which his son Edward, Prince of Wales was killed) when Edward IV regained the throne, and Henry was put to death in the Tower of London. | King Of England Henry VI
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41 | Countess of Vinzgau. | Hildegarde
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42 | Name changed to Israel by God. | Jacob
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43 | God on Earth. | Jesus
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44 | «b»Marcomir«/b» was King of Franks. He was born in 128. He married «b»Athildis«/b», daughter of «b»Coilus«/b» or Coel, King of Britain (Old King Cole, ca. 125, built Coel-Castra, or Colchester) and a daughter of «b»Cyllin«/b», King of Siluria. Among the children of «b»Marcomir«/b» and «b»Athildis«/b» was «b»Clodomir IV«/b», King of Franks. «b»Marcomir«/b» died in 149. «b»Athildis«/b» died in 170. | Marcomir, IV
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45 | King of Cimmerians | Marcomir, I
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46 | King of Franks | Marcomir, III
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47 | King of Sicambri | Merodachus
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48 | King of Sicambri | Nicanor
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49 | King of Franks | Odomir
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50 | «b»Pepin III«/b» (or Pepin the Short), son of «b»Charles Martel«/b» and «b»Rotrude de Treves,«/b» was born in 714 or 715. In 743 he married Bertrada II of Laon (died 783), and later he married «b»Gersvind«/b». In 751, «b»Pepin III«/b» deposed Childeric III and became the first king of the Merovingian Dynasty. Pope Stephen II crowned «b»Pepin III«/b» in 754, and «b»Pepin's«/b» army protected the Pope from the Lombards. «b»Pepin«/b» donated territory to the Pope, which became the foundation of the Papal States. Among the children of «b»Pepin III«/b» and «b»Gersvind«/b» was «b»Charlemagne. Pepin III«/b» died on September 18, 768, and was buried in the Basilica of St. Dennis. | King Of The Franks Pepin, III 'the Short'
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